TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1999)&-GRADE EIGHT--在线考试系统

1、【简答题】
Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree OR disagree with these people? You are to write a composition of about 300 words in the following topic.
COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATION
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your composition in ANSWER SHEET FOUR. [15分]

解析：
COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATION
Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in the present-day society. I don't agree with them. I think co-operation is more important than competition because not only people can fulfill today's complex and high-tech work better by co-operating with each other, but also co-operation helps to form fine public morals in the present-day society.
First, co-operation can produce better work effect. Now most work is more difficult and complicated than before. It requires all types of knowledge in different fields. Even the person who is proved to be outstanding in fierce competition can't do it only by himself. After all, one's ability is limited. He can't master all the knowledge in the world. In this case, people had better co-operate; and each one applies knowledge in his major. However, if people compete against each other, work can just be done. The quality of work is uncertain.
Second, co-operation can do good to the forming of a united and fraternal social environment. When people co-operate, they have the same goal. In the process of overcoming difficulties, each of them uses his own merit to compensate for others' defects. And they encourage each other to strive for their common aim. By and by, their relationship becomes close and friendly. By contrast, competition causes egoism. The final result of competition is to sort out the only best one by eliminating all the others. So this makes every competitor hope that he himself is better than any other. Unavoidably he won't help others make progress because he's afraid that he will be surpassed. In this way, he tends to think only for himself, not for others at all. Egoism appears.
In a word, co-operation is more important than competition in the present-day society for the sake of good work effect and high moral atmosphere.

2、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
save 

3、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
supplementing→supplemented 

4、【简答题】
Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
    In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
    In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
    Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension. [10分]

解析：
在某些社会中,人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代,光宗
耀祖,讨好祖辈,使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行｡此类原因在现代
世俗化的社会中似显苍白,但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力
的理由｡
此外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为了
维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事;修复或重振婚姻;多
子多孙,以为家庭幸福惟有此法｡这一点更可以由其反面得到昭示:在某些社
会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻而言是一种威胁,还可作为离婚
的现成借口｡
后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此｡对许多人来说,夫
妻两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人的
天地,赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报｡孩子需要家庭,但家庭似乎也需要孩子｡家庭作为一种社会机构,以其特有
的方式,至少从原则上说,可在一个变幻莫测､常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全､慰藉､保障,以及价值取向｡

5、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
and→or 

6、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
expensive/costly 

7、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
in→on 

8、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
match 

9、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
as→whereas/while 

10、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
image

11、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
for 

12、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
media 

13、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
cosmetics / drinks

14、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
of

15、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
half∧→that 

16、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
if→though 

17、【简答题】
_____ [1分]

解析：
conditioning 

18、【简答题】
____ [1分]

解析：
for ∧→a 