1、【
单选题
】
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.
[1分]
答案：
2、【
单选题
】
He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.
Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.
[1分]
答案：
3、【
单选题
】
For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.
Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past.
[1分]
答案：
4、【
单选题
】
Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science).The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.
[1分]
答案：
5、【
单选题
】
This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.
[1分]
答案：
6、【
简答题】
But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions-a factor that academic critics rarely take into account. Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.)
[3分]
解析：
但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关--一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。
7、【
简答题】
Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was "an annoyingly verbal young man" from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines.
[3分]
解析：
还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。
8、【
简答题】
At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and "get a nice steady job somewhere". During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories.
[3分]
解析：
在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，"将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。"
9、【
简答题】
By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. "I became very cynical very quickly," he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference.
[3分]
解析：
到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。
10、【
简答题】
I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader-Joyce, Kafka, Mann-so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, "When are you going to do something serious?" -meaning something that wasn’t science fiction-and I kept telling them, " When I’m financially secure."
[3分]
解析：
我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。
11、【
简答题】
Directions:
You have stayed with your friend’s family for a month. Now you are going back home. Write a message to your friend’s family to
1) express your gratitude.
2) show your appreciation of the good days you’ve had together.
3) say goodbye.
You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sig your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.(10 points)
[20分]
解析：
I am writing this letter to thank you for the hospitality you gave me during my one-month stay with you.During this period, you managed to make me feel at home with all your consideration and hospitality. Especially, I want to show my gratitude to you for your effort made in adapting to my irregular schedules. I count myself fortunate indeed to have had the opportunity to spend the memorable 30 days with you.Now, I am going back home. I am really reluctant to say good bye to you.With thanks again and best wishes to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
12、【
简答题】
Directions:
Enormous changes took place in the last two decades of the 20th century, which is revealed in the changes on dinner tables. Here are two pairs of pictures. You are required to
1) describe the pictures,
2) interpret the pictures, and
3) make a comment upon it.
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
[20分]
解析：
As is shown in the four pictures, there has been great change in Chinese diet since 1980s. Twenty years ago, people in the village always had corn, steam corn buns, sweet potatoes and vegetables as their main food. The urban people were comparatively rich, so they can afford the expensive dishes of rice, meat, eggs and fish daily. Nowadays it seems, to our surprise, the village people and city residents have exchanged their dinner tables.The phenomenon reflects that people’s diet concept is changing while their living standard is progressing. On the one hand, with the improvement of the villagers’ living standard, the proportion of high-nutrition food, such as eggs and meat, has also increased in their diet. On the other hand, as many modern-day diseases, such as hypertension, high levels of blood lipids, and diabetes, are found to be diet-related disorders, the city dwellers have become more health-conscious, and they prefer the low-protein and high-fiber food to high-fat meals.Of course, we can’t judge hastily which eating habit is better, because only a balanced diet can benefit people’s body. However, it is a pleasure to see more and more Chinese people are pursuing a better。
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